![]() ![]() Your most powerful weapon is your mind, wit and skill. Travel through time and witness a series of mysterious events that led to the greatest discovery in human history. ![]() Explore the world full of puzzles, mechanical gadgets and mind-twisting inventions. ![]() Join more than 1.000.000 players from around the world and dive into the 3D puzzle adventure with an outstanding rating of 4.8/5.īecome Giacomo, the apprentice to the Renaissance genius, Leonardo da Vinci. This looks more like a brunch, anyway.The long awaited sequel to The House of Da Vinci is finally here. Hopefully the “last” supper of it all doesn’t mean this is the end. Samantha Jones.Īll in all, this is clearly going to be a season of biblical proportions. Also: Rock got a seat by the bagels and lox. Lots of family-friend-cest vibes going on between Charlotte’s daughter and Miranda’s son. Then we’ve got the kids’ table at the end. Bible scholars think Philip was a fisherman, so my prediction is Anthony catfishes people this season. These two details combined mean that Seema will be the standout of the season in terms of sassy one-liners. In The Last Supper, Thomas is making a Karen face and pointing a finger at everyone. Seema and Anthony are in the Thomas and Philip slots. The husbands and Lisa Todd Wexley have been shunted off to the side. Or this means that Nya will be a whistleblower against Carrie this season, leading to her being publicly canceled. The whole Columbia plot was sort of the instigating instance of that. This isn’t entirely fair to the character, but maybe this placement symbolizes how fans felt betrayed by Miranda’s cringe plotlines and heel turns last season. Nya Wallace in the Judas seat, catching Judas heat. The takeaway here is that Che is gonna fight for Rambo. ![]() The dagger in the original is meant to symbolize that Peter is like a warrior for Christ or something like that. James was the first apostle to be martyred, which means Charlotte will probably have a martyr complex this season over barely tolerating her teen children.Ĭhe Diaz is the Peter of this arrangement, with their hand on Miranda’s back and a glass of vino in lieu of Peter’s knife. Maybe it means Miranda will continue to explore gender and sexuality this season … or maybe it means Miranda’s cheating on Steve (unpictured) makes her a, you know, practitioner of the oldest profession.Ĭharlotte holds the seat of Saint James the Greater, who in The Last Supper is making a sort of “come at me, bro” gesture. And, crucially, The Da Vinci Code is all about how the figure to the left of Jesus in the painting is actually Mary Magdalene. He’s pictured swooning in the painting, and Miranda did nothing but swoon last season. John was the youngest of the apostles, which suggests that Miranda is continuing her “second adolescence” phase this season. That left position in The Last Supper is held for the Apostle John. In this instance, Carrie is obviously Jesus because of her central placement, because of her flowing locks, and because of the logline: “New beginnings are in season.” Do you know who else had a new beginning? Christ.Ĭarrie is flanked to the left and right (from our POV) by Miranda and Charlotte, respectively. However cliché, it works in this context because these are characters who would overanalyze the table settings at a dinner party, and laying out a poster like this invites viewers to go full Dan Brown. May 17, 2023ĭoing a new-season promo poster in the style of The Last Supper is about as groundbreaking as florals for spring (which this poster also has). #StreamOnMax /3Vae1MdzF0- And Just Like That. Season 2 of #AndJustLikeThat premieres June 22 on Max. Pull up a chair, it’s going to be a feast. What else can we learn from this poster? A lot, actually. And Cancers are the most emotional sign of them all. Geminis are witty, curious, and inquisitive. AJLT and Pride aligning just makes sense, as does its release date making it a true Gemini-Cancer cusp. The “new chapter of Sex and the City” has finally given us a premiere date: June 22, fittingly the night before Horse Meat Disco. Oh, there is nothing like New York in the spring summer! It’s a time of year that just makes you want to get indoors, in front of your AC unit, to watch your favorite Max Original, And Just Like That. ![]()
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![]() The Dagne Dover Indi Diaper Backpack is hard not to like. You’re looking for a less expensive option.Parents who want their baby gear to look good.Parents looking for a functional and flexible option.(Read my in-depth review the Skip Hop Forma diaper bag.)ĭimensions: 12.25 x 6 x 13.75 inches | Weight: 3.5 pounds | Style: Backpack | Stroller hooks: Included | Changing pad: Yes | Luggage sleeve: Yes | Warranty: Limited guarantee for 1 year | Wash instructions: Hand wash Both of those value backpacks are just $42, but they weren’t nearly as comfortable to wear or as functional. I think it offers more utility than some of the more inexpensive options that I tested, such as the Ruvalino Diaper Bag Backpack and the BabbleRoo Diaper Bag Backpack. Overall, I was pleasantly surprised by this affordable backpack diaper bag. It didn’t leave a mark or any residue on the body of the bag. The water I spilled on it immediately ran off, and the pouch wiped off with a single swipe. It’s made of polyester, which textile expert Deborah Young says is “the most common” choice for diaper bags-and a practical one, because it proved easy to clean. The hot water bottles left in the Skip Hop Forma had the smallest water temperature change out of all the bags I tested: a mere 16.2-degree drop (from 109 degrees Fahrenheit to 92.8 degrees) after 2 hours in the insulated side pockets and insulated packing cube. The included changing pad was the narrowest of all that I tested and not the most plush, but it did its job and made for easy cleaning. The side insulated pockets fit my massive Hydro Flask water bottle and my son’s smaller bottle, regardless of how stuffed the bag was. ![]() ![]() While some families might like the excess pockets in some of the other bags-16, 12 and 18, respectively-I found this bag’s pockets a better use of space. The packing cubes helped me to pack smarter and to keep items organized.Ĭompared to the other more affordable (under $100) diaper bags that I tested, the Ruvalino, Eddie Bauer Cascade and BabbleRoo options, the Skip Hop Forma Diaper Backpack is far more streamlined. Two of its biggest selling points are the spacious exterior side insulated pockets and the larger front pocket’s packing cubes. The built-in stroller snaps were nicely spaced out, and I appreciated that they were built-in, so I could avoid forgetting them at home. The interior is deep and more spacious than expected. The Skip Hop Forma’s main compartment features a wide double-zipper opening and a bright teal, easy-to-wipe-down interior. Lex Goodman For Forbes A Size That’s Just Right The Skip Hop Forma was the lightest diaper bag I tested. (Read my full in-depth review of the Petunia Pickle Bottom Meta Diaper Bag here.) In terms of maintenance, this bag requires almost nothing, which is a major win for parents who are already bogged down with innumerable cleaning tasks. Seven of the other bags tested didn’t have interiors that were water-resistant. The light interior of the Petunia Pickle Bottom Meta made items inside easy to see, and its water-resistant interior makes for easy cleanup, even if your child’s food pouch explodes. The water I spilled on it simply ran off, not leaving a trace of moisture, and I was able to remove the blueberry puree I had left on it overnight with a single swipe of a towel, whereas some other bags I tested, including the Dagne Dover, took soap and water to remove the stain. ![]() The Meta’s exterior didn’t get dirty whatsoever with all-day wear. The temperature of the water dropped to 87.2 degrees Fahrenheit from 109 degrees after 2 hours. I should note that this diaper bag came in third in terms of keeping a bottle warm in the insulated pocket, after the Skip Hop Forma and the Béis, but far ahead of most other contenders, including the Freshly Picked and Herschel diaper bags. The Petunia Pickle Bottom Meta backpack was comfortable without feeling too bulky. ![]() ![]() ![]() $149.99 Sale $249.99 Price $299.99 List Price You Save: $150.00 (50.00%) M7D6MP-5XZ-PSAA 3072x2048P Microseven Open Source 6MP (3072x2048) UltraHD PoE+ 355° Pan 92° Tilt 5X 2.7-13.5MM Optical Zoom PTZ Speed Dome IP Camera, Human Vehicle Motion Detection & Auto Tracking, Indoor / Outdoor, WDR, DNR, Day & Night,IP66 Weatherproof, Built-in 256GB SDcard Slot, Two-Way Audio, Auto Cruise,ONVIF, Web GUI & Apps, VMS (Video Management System),24Hr Cloud Storage + Broadcasting on YouTube,Facebook & $99.99 Sale $129.99 Price $149.99 List Price You Save: $50.00 (33.34%) M7T4K-CPSAA 3840 x 2160P Microseven Open Source 4K/8MP Full Color Night Vision PoE Indoor / Outdoor IP Camera, UltraHD 8MP PoE IP Turret Security Camera with Human/Vehicle Detection, Two-Way Audio Wide Angle, WDR, DNR, 256GB SD Slot, Waterproof, ONVIF CCTV Surveillance Camera, Web GUI & Apps, VMS (Video Management System) Cloud Storage+ Broadcasting on YouTube, Facebook & $99.99 Sale $129.99 Price $149.99 List Price You Save: $50.00 (33.34%) M7B4K-CPSAA 3840 x 2160P Microseven Open Source 4K/8MP Full Color Night Vision PoE Indoor / Outdoor IP Camera, UltraHD 8MP PoE IP Bullet Security Camera with Human/Vehicle Detection, Two-Way Audio Wide Angle,WDR, DNR, 256GB SD Slot, Waterproof, ONVIF CCTV Surveillance Camera, Web GUI & Apps, VMS (Video Management System) Cloud Storage+ Broadcasting on YouTube, Facebook & CBR is the best option for live streaming, whereas constrained VBR is the best option for on-demand video upload.$119.99 Sale $149.99 Price $199.99 List Price You Save: $80.00 (40.00%) M7B6MP-4XZ-CPSA 3072x2048P Microseven Open Source 6MP (3072x2048) Full Color Night Vision PoE Indoor / Outdoor IP Camera, UltraHD 6MP PoE IP Bullet Optical Zoom 2.8-12mm 4X Security Camera with Human/Vehicle Detection, Build-in Microphone Wide Angle, WDR, DNR, 256GB SD Slot, Waterproof, ONVIF CCTV Surveillance Camera, Web GUI & Apps, VMS (Video Management System) Cloud Storage+ Broadcasting on YouTube, Facebook & The bottom line is that CBR is more consistent and reliable for time-sensitive encoding, and VBR produces higher-quality results. It is important to use the appropriate option for your specific streaming needs. ![]() Final ThoughtsĬBR and VBR play different roles in online video streaming. CBR also produces higher-quality streams than VBR, making them ideal for large audiences that consume live content online like sports games or concerts. That’s because the constant bitrate is more reliable for encoding video content in real-time. We recommend using CBR for live broadcasting with YoloBox and YoloBox Pro. Recommended Encoder Settings for Live Streaming with YoloBox While ensuring the highest compression rate in a single encoding, each frame is allocated enough bits to achieve the required visual quality. ![]() This is because it can take longer to process the data.Ĭonstant Quality aims at achieving a fixed visual quality. The fluctuating aspect of this method of encoding makes VBR best suited for on-demand video transcoding. In terms of encoding, data is output at a set rate per time segment, and variable bitrate is measured by taking the average bitrate of the entire file. All you have to do is realize the difference between the terms ‘constant’ and ‘variable.’ In other words, regular bitrate and variable bitrate are concepts with exactly opposite meanings. The term itself suggests its functionality. The abbreviation VBR stands for variable bitrate. The consistency of CBR makes it well-suited for situations where video content must be encoded in real-time. Since it is so popular in the live streaming industry, constant bitrate is the most compatible option. ![]() If you are streaming video or audio using CBR encoding, the data required to provide that service is set at a constant data rate.ĬBR is preferred in many streaming situations because it has been the standard in online video streaming for some time. The acronym CBR stands for Constant Bitrate. This blog defines the terms and provides recommendations for when to use all three. There are three options in YoloBox: constant bitrate encoding (CBR), variable bitrate encoding (VBR), and constant quality (CQ). Streaming with a higher bitrate helps you produce higher-quality streams. In online video streaming, video bitrate is measured in kilobits per second, or kbps. Recommended Encoder Settings for Live Streaming with YoloBoxīitrate measures the amount of data that is transferred over a period of time. ![]() ![]() ![]() Info 72 Method interface call: AuthenticateClientToSession Info 66 The RDP-Tcp#0 connection was assigned to session: 1 Info 132 The rdpgrfx channel was connected between server and client using transport tunnel: 0. Info 33 The RDP protocol will be using RemoteFX guest module to connect to the client computer. Info 132 The rdpinpt channel was connected between server and client using transport tunnel: 0. ![]() Info 169 The client operating system type is (1, 0). Info 72 Method interface call: OnConnected Info 132 The Microsoft::Windows::RDS::Telemetry channel was connected between server and client using transport tunnel: 0. ![]() Info 132 The Microsoft::Windows::RDS::Graphics channel was connected between server and client using transport tunnel: 0. Info 162 The client offers support to version 0xA0400 of RDP graphics protocol, client mode: 2, AVC available: 0. Info 72 Method interface call: ConnectNotify(SessionId=1) Info 132 The Microsoft::Windows::RDS::Video::Control::v08.01 channel was connected between server and client using transport tunnel: 0. Info 132 The Microsoft::Windows::RDS::Video::Data::v08.01 channel was connected between server and client using transport tunnel: 0. Info 132 The Microsoft::Windows::RDS::Geometry::v08.01 channel was connected between server and client using transport tunnel: 0. Info 132 The rdpdr channel was connected between server and client using transport tunnel: 0. Info 72 Method interface call: PreDisconnect(17) Info 72 Method interface call: SetErrorInfo(0x11) Info 72 Method interface call: DisconnectNotify Info 72 Method interface call: GetServerAutoReconnectInfo Some (maybe) relevant Event Logs messages (I've translated them myself from pt-BR - orderedįrom last to first): Info 103 The disconnection reason is 17 Using Group Policy ( gpedit.msc) all RDP settings related to Hardware Acceleration / RemoteFX optimizations / UDP connections were disabled, with no success. The control to this server was handled to a technician who installed AnyDesk, and maybe it started some kind of conflict, but I'm not sure it is related. Note that this error happens even when connecting inside the server host to self (using localhost or 127.0.0.1). Your Remote Desktop Services session has ended, possibly for one of the following reasons:Īn error occurred while the connection was being established.įor help solving the problem, see "Remote Desktop" in Help and Support. When the RDP screen is to be rendered (it is created but still all black), it gives the error. The symptom: the connection error occurs after authentication (filled still in the client app) and passing all the security checks phases. Today I started receiving an error while connecting to an Azure hosted Windows 2022 Server that until recently (2 or 3 days ago) were connecting fine. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() His crowning achievement, “It Was a Good Day”, was as vivid as a five-minute West Coast hip-hop jingle could get. Sure, he’s made the bulk of his career in movies and television over the last decade or so, but before that, the N.W.A stalwart was a force to be reckoned with in the hip-hop world. The one thing you can’t say about Ice Cube is that he never knew how to properly tell a story. Ice Cubeįrom somebody who once named an entire recordĪmeriKKKa’s Most Wanted, he is as violent as he is influential, angry as he is poignant. Maybe his best moment on record came from his 1998 collaboration with Mos Def,īlack Star, and his overtly passionate warning to his detractors: “It’s a Small Wonder, like Vicki, why I’m picky / These n-s suck like hickies / And still get the shit they slip in like Mickies / I’m sick of the hater-players, bring on the regulators / With the flavors like a farm team fucking with the majors / Like a river how I run through it, I do it so cold / Freezin’ up your bodily fluids, your style is old”. His voice has always been respected, his flow has always been admired. Talib KweliĪ socially conscious rapper who’s the son of an English teacher, and you can tell. East Coast, West Coast, South, or North, Andre 3000 sure knows how to bend some minds. Take the first part to his final verse in “Aquemini” as proof: “My mind warps and bends floats the wind count to ten / Meet the twin Andre Ben / Welcome to the lion’s den / Original skin many men comprehend / I extend myself so you go out and tell a friend / Sin all depends on what you believing in / Faith is what you make it, that’s the hardest shit since MC Ren”. He’s essentially left hip-hop behind in recent years for entrepreneurial opportunities and a desire to become a movie star, but man, when that dude is on, Unfortunately, the whole “when he wants to be” part of that sentence holds more weight than one may hope. When he wants to be, André Benjamin is one of the fiercest Southern wordsmiths of his day. Whoever said hip-hop was only a man’s game, anyway? The defense rests. And besides, since when did ever having a hit automatically make someone a great lyricist, anyway? “We had to pause for station identification / Now ya know my name here’s some more information / Well, let’s see, what you wanna know about me? / MC L-Y-T-E / The Queen - Nah, that’s too corny / The Sexy - Nah, that gets the guys too horny / The Best - Now that sounds conceited / But what is true is true, so it has to be repeated”, she proclaims on 1988’s “I Am Woman”. You can argue until you’re blue in the face about how her lack of hit songs diminishes her place in hip-hop lore, but you’re clearly not paying attention to her sheer lyrical prowess if you do. PopMatters takes a look at some of the best to ever craft simple sentences and small stories within this particularly transcendent medium. From the type of honest and revealing storytelling that some have mastered to the wit-centric, mind-bending lines that ooze with double entendres and third, fourth, and fifth meanings, the best hip-hop will forever be contingent on the power of its lyrics. Hip-hop’s most imperative element is its lyricism and the skill with which it is presented. When done correctly, there may not be another genre in all of music that has more substance within its texture. But that’s why rap music has managed to not only survive, but thrive over decades. It’s fascinating, really, how introspective and confounding stories can be told through 64 bars of vivid imagery on top of chopped-up and rearranged grooves. Founded merely on someone talking quickly over disco beats, hip-hop’s essential element has always been its words, and those who believe otherwise need take their Toby Keith records and get the hell out of the room. When people dismiss hip-hop as dance music, or racist music, or cheap music, or angry music, or idiotic music, or detached music, or lazy music, they clearly have no idea what the genre is about. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Amtrak also offers a variety of food and drink options for purchase, including sandwiches, snacks, and beverages. The train features large windows for optimal views of the passing scenery, and passengers are welcome to move about the cabin during the journey. The journey takes approximately four hours, and tickets start at $30 CAD for economy class. It was such a relaxed way to travel and I arrived feeling so chilled and ready for my adventures in Halifax and Nova Scotia.In addition to VIA Rail, Amtrak also operates in Canada, running the popular Cascades service between Vancouver and Seattle. I got off the train for some fresh air during the stop in Moncton, and then settled down for the remaining few hours through Nova Scotia and the approach to Halifax.Īrriving in Halifax was as simple as departing Montreal…I said goodbye to my fellow travellers, hopped off the train, picked up my suitcase and took the short cab ride to my hotel…all with the minimum fuss. Waking early, as you do when first arriving into Canada, I opened the curtains and happily watched the world go by as I dozed snug in my bed – so lovely! After a decent breakfast I then headed back to the lounge carriage and climbed up to the observation deck to watch the lovely scenery of New Brunswick. Then after a night cap, I retired to my cabin which had been turned into a really cosy bedroom, and it took me no time at all to be lulled to sleep by the motion of the train. Then I retired to the lounge at the back of the train to watch our arrival into Quebec City and chat to some fellow travellers. As I watched our departure from Montreal, John the train guard allocated to my carriage came to say hello and explain that he would turn the seat into a bed whenever suited me and to explain meal arrangements and other such info.ĭinner was a very pleasant affair, food included in the price with drinks extra, with smiley efficient attendants. ![]() I headed to my cabin which was set up in its day-time layout with seating, and felt glad that I’d packed a small overnight bag (my suitcase travelled luggage carriage) because whilst the cabin was absolutely lovely, it was pretty snug! There was a neat little shower room with sink and loo (definitely worth upgrading for), and lots of useful cubby holes and shelves for all that stuff I seem to travel with. So this was the next level, spending 24 hours on the Ocean Route from Montreal Quebec to Halifax Nova Scotia. I was really looking forward to this trip, as I’d travelled on VIA Rail before between Montreal and Toronto and from Toronto to Niagara Falls and had really enjoyed these journeys, with the comfy seats, big windows and wifi. ![]() The stress-free experience continued with dropping the bags off at the VIA Rail counter and then heading to a nearby bar for some refreshment before boarding. Kathryn, our Programme Director for North America shares her experience on the Ocean route, aboard VIA Rail.Ĭhecking out of the Fairmont Queen Elizabeth and travelling to the Montreal Central Station (Gare Centrale) was as simple as travelling down in the lift from the lobby to the lower ground floor. ![]() ![]() ![]() In addition to standard disc burning tools, there is also an impressively easy to use backup app that can be used to secure your files – but the main focus of the suite is on getting creative with your media filesĪs such, it is easy to create audio, video and photo-based discs and even create covers and labels for them. But glance through the features and options available in Roxio Toast 11 Titanium, and you quickly start to understand just what is missing from the Mac OS.Ī slightly re-designed interface makes it easier than ever to navigate through Toast’s various options. As such, you may wonder why anybody would need a third party disc burning tool. OS X already includes the disc burning options which most people would need on a day-to-day basis – files can be easily copied to disc, and there is also the option of creating and working with disc images. This suite is a valuable collection of digital media apps for Mac that include Toast 17 Titanium, Blu-ray Disc authoring and more!
![]() ![]() The user is thanked for his input only if the $membership variable holds a string that is exactly four characters long. strlen() might be used to check the length of user input, as in the following fragment which tests a membership code to ensure that it is exactly four digits long:Įcho "Your membership number must have 4 digits." This function requires a string as its argument, and returns an integer representing the number of characters in the string you have passed to it. You can use the built-in strlen() function to determine the length of a string. Finding the Length of a String with strlen() It is important to remember that when we talk about the position or index of a character within a string, the characters, just like array elements, have a starting index value of 0, not 1. You can think of a string as an array of characters, thus you can access the individual characters of a string as if they were elements of an array: You will have come across this word in the context of arrays, such as in Chapter 8, "Working with Arrays and Objects." In fact, strings and arrays are not as different as you might imagine. We will frequently use the word index in relation to strings. ![]() PHP provides many functions that enable you to acquire information about strings. Before you begin to work with data from an external source, you often will need to find out more about it. Strings can arrive from many sources, including user input, databases, files, and Web pages. ![]() You do not always know everything about the data that you are working with. ![]() ![]() ![]() Window grilles are also known as grids or muntins. Window Grilles – narrow strips of wood, vinyl, or metal used to visually separate the glass of a window into individual sections. Window Lingoįirst, let’s familiarize you with some window terms so you aren’t lost when we start to talk about grille patterns and styles: Today’s window grids, which are mainly decorative, are really just a throwback to a classic design trend created by necessity. ![]() Thus other window styles with fewer grids became popular. As time went on and more modern conveniences like air conditioning became common, the functionality of windows shifted from focusing on ventilation to more aesthetic desires such as letting in more sunlight and providing better views. ![]() They held together and supported multi-paned windows and made it possible to ship window panes further without breaking the glass. Like many details throughout history, window grids originally served a critical purpose. How did grids in windows even become a thing? As they say, necessity is the mother of invention. You are certainly free to choose whatever style of windows you like, but just be aware that from a design standpoint, straying too far from classic design themes can be risky. Each architectural style has certain window grid patterns traditionally associated with it. The easiest answer is to let the architectural style of your home help you decide. At All-Weather Windows, Doors & Siding, we get that question a lot. Double or Triple-glazed glass units with the Super Spacer structural foam spacer provides superior energy efficiency and longevity, while enhancing the indoor comfort and overall value of your home.If you’re getting new windows and just don’t know if you need grids or not, don’t worry. Regency Windows feature a wide range of EnergyPlus and Solar Shield glass packages that let you customize your windows to meet the specific climate conditions of your home. Regency windows are available with a variety of insulated glass packages to meet the latest ENERGY STAR® performance requirements. As one of the best choices for preventing heat loss, ENERGY STAR-certified Regency windows can help you save money by cutting your annual heating and cooling energy bills. The Super Spacer non-metal spacer provides the highest resistance to conduction and eliminates metal-to-glass contact and conduction.ĮNERGY STAR is the mark of high-efficiency products in Canada, and windows earning this distinction must meet strict technical specifications for energy-efficient performance. Regency windows use Super Spacer Warm Edge Window Technology to provide a high level of energy efficiency. This non-metal design eliminates any metal-to-glass contact, thereby increasing the edge of the glass temperature by more than 16°- resulting in 60% more energy efficiency than a traditional box metal spacer. Regency windows feature the Super Spacer – an ultra-efficient system that combines a structural foam spacer with a seal of hot melt butyl to create a “warm,” non-conductive edge. To meet developing design trends and market demand, Regency now offers black interior painted windows in casement, awning, picture windows and special shapes.Ī key component to a window’s energy efficiency is the spacer system, which creates an insulating air space between the panes of glass that serves as a thermal barrier. Design VersatilityĪ generous selection of jamb extensions, brickmoulds and other accessories ensure the ideal finished look. Renovation Masterframeīeveled exterior masterframe on double hung, slider and casement helps the window accommodate differing installation methods and architectural styles. Thermally efficient frame and sash construction, airtight insulating chambers, protective weatherstripping, and a high-performance insulated glass unit help block the transfer of heat and cold. Superb Constructionįusion-welded sash and masterframe provide superior strength and structural integrity, while neat, tight corners create aesthetic appeal. Heavy-duty metal fortifies the window and allows for secure mounting of hardware. Precision-engineered for outstanding thermal efficiency, Regency windows incorporate several best-in-class features to ensure an exceptionally strong and weathertight fit, as well as advanced energy savings and a markedly refined appearance. Storm Doors, Storm Windows and Porch Enclosures. ![]() ![]() While the study didn’t report the number of weekly excursions, it’s probably safe to assume, given the averages, that I believe there’s plenty of room for improvement in the vast majority of the participants. We never want to see glucose above 140 mg/dL. The target I want my patients to hit in terms of the number of total glucose excursions above 140 mg/dL per week is zero. Spending 30 minutes a day with glucose levels above 140 mg/dL may be the benchmark in this population, but that does not mean it’s optimal. Almost one-third of the participants had at least one hypoglycemic event, defined as a glucose level below 54 mg/dL, and almost half had at least one hyperglycemic event, defined as a glucose level above 180 mg/dL. Median time spent with glucose levels above 140 mg/dL was 30 minutes a day and median time spent with glucose levels below 70 mg/dL was 15 minutes a day. This study was used to support the argument that there is in fact tight glucose control in these individuals, confirming that “normal is normal is normal,” as one of the study’s coauthors put it.Ī closer look at the findings, however, suggests otherwise. Severe glucose variability was present in one-quarter of normoglycemic individuals, with glucose levels reaching prediabetic ranges - defined as values greater than 140 mg/dL - up to 15% of the duration of CGM recordings, suggesting glucose dysregulation is more prevalent than we might think.īut the recent JAMA perspective pointed to a 2019 study that was attempting to create reference ranges for glycemic profiles in more than 150 healthy nondiabetics that found they spent 96% of the time between 70 and 140 mg/dL based on about one week of CGM data, on average. In 2018, a study in nearly 60 participants found many individuals considered nondiabetic by standard measures showed high glucose variability determined by CGM. In other words, in non-diabetics, a fasting morning blood glucose level of 90 vs 95 vs 100 vs 105 mg/dL can have much more to do with the previous night’s dinner, the quality of sleep that evening, or even the speed and suddenness with which they woke up that morning (and the concomitant cortisol surge) than their true health. Furthermore, we’ve seen how irrelevant morning fasting glucose can be as a predictor of in-depth glucose kinetics, outside of the extremes seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. ![]() Over the past three years we have been tracking these metrics closely and found that at least one-third of the time HbA1c is an inaccurate predictor of average blood glucose relative to true average measured by CGM (and this discordance occurs in both directions, meaning sometimes HbA1c overestimates and sometimes it underestimates). In our practice the answer is, how shall I say it, not even close. Is it safe to assume normal fasting glucose (i.e., less than 100 mg/dL) and normal HbA1c (i.e., less than 5.7%) tightly map to low variability and spikes in glucose? The only way to know if they are is to track their blood glucose. Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels don’t necessarily tell us if people are experiencing normal glucose responses. Just because someone’s fasting glucose or HbA1c levels are considered normal doesn’t rule out the possibility that they have high glucose variability, which are large oscillations in blood glucose throughout the day, including episodes of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. How do you know if someone has normal glucose responses without tracking their glucose first? Using CGM on someone with “normal” glucose as defined by standard measures such as fasting glucose or HbA1c can determine whether they truly do have tight glucose control and how they respond to different challenges, dietary or otherwise. I want to tell you why I not only disagree with these assertions, but also why this type of thinking may be dangerous to the health of hundreds of millions of Americans.įirst, arguing that there’s little evidence that people with normal glucose responses benefit from tracking their blood glucose is putting the cart before the horse. ![]() They also argue that because glucose fluctuations are so small in nondiabetics, a CGM doesn’t provide any meaningful information for them. The author states that “… aside from anecdotal stories, there’s little evidence that people with normal glucose responses benefit from tracking their blood glucose,” according to the perspective. Recently, a perspective in JAMA was published on this topic, highlighting the increasing number of start-up companies promoting the use of CGM in nondiabetics, and included some arguments suggesting that CGMs are “a waste of time and money” for this population. As some of you may already know, I’m a proponent of continuous glucose monitors, or CGMs, in my patients, even if they don’t have diabetes. ![]() |
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